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An ell (from Old Germanic *''alinâ'' cognate with Latin ''ulna'')〔http://www.oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/60511 "ell, n.1". OED Online. December 2011. Oxford University Press. (accessed February 20, 2012).〕 is a unit of measurement, originally a cubit, i.e., approximating the length of a man's arm from the elbow ("elbow" means the bend or bow of the ell or arm) to the tip of the middle finger, or about 18 inches (457 mm); in later usage, any of several longer units. In English-speaking countries, these included (until the 19th century) the Flemish ell ( of a yard), English ell ( yard) and French ell ( yard), some of which are thought to derive from a "double ell". Several national forms existed, with different lengths, including the Scottish ell , the Flemish ell () , the French ell () 〔Brayshaw, Tom S., ed. ''Brayshaw's Mathematical Desk Companion''. Chesterfield, England: Thomas Brayshaw Ltd., Edition 16, 1955〕 the Polish ell , the Danish ell , the Swedish aln and the German ell () (Hamburg, Frankfurt, Cologne, Leipzig: 57,9 cm) Select customs were observed by English importers of Dutch textiles: although all cloths were bought by the Flemish ell, linen was sold by the English ell, but tapestry was sold by the Flemish ell.〔 In England, the ell was usually , or a yard and a quarter. It was mainly used in the tailoring business but is now obsolete. Although the exact length was never defined in English law, standards were kept; the brass ell examined at the Exchequer by Graham in the 1740s had been in use "since the time of Queen Elizabeth". The Viking ell was the measure from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, about 18 inches. The (Viking ell ) or primitive ell was used in Iceland up to the 13th century. By the 13th century, a law set the "stika" as equal to 2 ells which was the English ell of the time. An ell-wand or ellwand was a rod of length one ell used for official measurement. Edward I of England required that every town have one. In Scotland, the Belt of Orion was called "the King's Ellwand".〔(infoplease.com ), ''OED'' ''s.'' Ell-wand.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The measurements of cricket )〕 ==Ell (Scots)== The Scottish ell ((スコットランド・ゲール語:slat thomhais)) was standardised in 1661, with the exemplar to be kept in the custody of Edinburgh.〔''Concise Scots Dictionary'', chief editor Mairi Robinson, Aberdeen University Press, 1987, p 817〕 It comes from Middle English ''elle''.〔(Dictionary of the Scots Language )〕 It was used in the popular expression :''"Gie The Ell Shop (1757) in Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross (National Trust for Scotland), is so called from the 18th century iron ell-stick attached to one corner, once used to measure cloth and other commodities in the adjacent market-place. The shaft of the old 17th century Kincardine Mercat cross stands in the square of Fettercairn, and is notched to show the measurements of an ell. Scottish measures were made obsolete, and English measurements made standard in Scotland, by act of parliament in 1824. The Scottish ell was equivalent to: *Scottish measures: 3 and 1/12 ft (i.e. 37 Scottish inches or 37.059 imperial inches〔(Dictionary of the Scots Language )〕) *Metric system: 94.1318 cm *Imperial system: 1.03 international yards, approx. 37.1 inches 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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